What is RAM

What is RAM: we are known RAM as the main memory, primary memory, or system memory, RAM (random-access memory),

Random-access memory (RAM): RAM is “random access” because you’ll access any memory cell directly if you recognize the row and column that intersect at that cell.

RAM may be a device’s Short Term Memory. It temporarily stores (remembers) data. everything currently running on a tool, like all OS-specific services and any application, image editor, or game you’re playing.

RAM could be a “volatile Memory”, volatile technology meaning that when power loss, it Lost everything. that produces it perfect for handling the multitude of high-speed tasks that your device throws at it daily.

RAM is divided into many categories according to use or design:

Memory Modules are below:

RAM IS DIVIDED IN 2 CATEGORY:

• SRAM ( Static Random-access Memory )

• DRAM ( Dynamic Static Random-access Memory )

1. ( SRAM) Static RAM: Static RAM is that the full variety of SRAM. during this form of RAM, data is stored using the state of a six transistor memory cell. Static RAM is generally used as a cache memory for the processor (CPU). We are Known as SRAM As a CPU Cache memory L1/L2/L3.
2. (DRAM) Dynamic RAM: DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory. it’s a sort of RAM which allows you to stores each little bit of data in an exceedingly separate capacitor within a selected microcircuit. Dynamic RAM could be standard storage of the numerous modern desktop computers. This type of RAM could be a volatile memory that must be refreshed with voltage regularly. Else it loses the knowledge stored on that.

• SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory):

“Synchronous,” tells about the behavior of the DRAM type.SDRAM began to seem in systems. Unlike previous technologies, SDRAM is intended to synchronize itself with the timing of the CPU. this permits the memory controller to grasp the precise clock cycle when the requested data are ready, therefore the CPU not must wait between memory accesses.

as an example, PC66 SDRAM runs at 66 MT/s, PC100 SDRAM runs at 100 MT/s, PC133 SDRAM runs at 133 MT/s, and so on.

SDRAM can represent SDR SDRAM (Single Data Rate SDRAM), where the I/O, internal clock, and bus clock are identical. for instance, the I/O, internal clock, and bus clock of PC133 is all 133 Mhz. Single rate means SDR SDRAM can only read/write only once in an exceeding clock cycle. SDRAM should look ahead to the completion of the previous command to be ready to do another read/write operation.

(RDRAM)The Direct RDRAM: chips employed in computers were housed in Rambus Inline Memory Modules (RIMMs) with metal covers. RIMMs used different pin settings and weren’t interchangeable with DIMMs and SDRAM.

Latency improved in later RDRAM models, which were dearer than Double rate (DDR) SDRAM and Streaming Data Request (SDR) SDRAM. By 2004, Intel discontinued RDRAM in favor of DDR SDRAM and DDR-2 SDRAM modules

Double-Data-Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM): This faster version of SDRAM performs its operations on both edges of the clock signal; whereas a typical SDRAM performs its operations on the rising fringe of the clock signal. Since they transfer data on both edges of the clock, the info transfer rate is doubled. To access the information at high rate, the memory cells are organized into two groups. Each group is accessed separately.

DDR RAM Clock Speed:

DDR SDRAM works on the principle of transferring data on both the rising fringe of a clock cycle and therefore the falling edge. While the general public might perceive a computer’s clock cycle as a discrete event in time, electronically it’s a wave, typically a square wave. This wave incorporates a rising edge and a falling edge. Typical RAM only transmits data on the rising edge, but SDRAM transfers data on the falling edge, which allows it to transfer more data in a very clock cycle, doubling the performance of a chip. this can be called “double pumping.” DDR can transfer data at a rate of up to 1600 MB/s.

DDR SDRAM modules have complex circuitry to keep up this timing, using phase-locked loops to stay the timing accurate. DDR has been supplanted by DDR2, DDR3 and DDR4. None of those standards are forward or backward compatible, so motherboards with one form of DDR can only use RAM modules that support that standard.

Commonly Used RAM :

• Static RAM (SRAM)

• Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

• Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)

• Single Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDR SDRAM)

• Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4)

• Graphics Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (GDDR SDRAM, GDDR2, GDDR3, GDDR4, GDDR5)

• Flash Memory